Music Symphony free essay sample

What does the Symphony mean? Symphony means a sonata for orchestra. It has four movements. First movement: usually fast, and In sonata form. Second movement: Usually slower and more song-like. It could be In sonata form or ternary form, and perhaps with variations. Third movement: Haydn and Mozart wrote a minute In trio at this point. Beethoven later turned this Into a Scherzo (A direct translation is joke. ) Fourth movement: Fast, often light hearted, perhaps in Rondo form, or sonata form, or with variations. Classical Period:Firstly, the strings play the melody most of the time. In most classical symphonies, each movement is a self-contained composition with its own set of themes. A theme in one movement will only rarely reappear in a later movement. But a symphony is unified partly by the use of the same key in three of its movements. More importantly, the movements balance and complement each other both musically and emotionally. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Symphony or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The classical symphony follows form and structure very meticulously. Romantic Period: The Romantic Symphony Is an expanded version of the Classical symphony.It Is much larger In size and In length with the Dalton of many more Instruments and sometimes more than four movements. During the romantic period, the woodwinds were favored, and were given more opportunities to play the melody. There are more instruments in the Romantic Symphony as compared to Classical Period. There was freedom of form and design. It was considered to be more personal and emotional. They are much more expressive in terms of harmonistic, rhythmic patterns, and dynamics. Many Romantic symphonies were examples of program USIA, a new instrumental form.Berliners Symphonies Fantasists an example of a Romantic symphony. Heydays Symphony 101 In D major: The Clock, movement 1 The strings play the melody mostly. However, the woodwind sometimes plays it. It is in Sonata form and is in 6/8 timing, an unusual timing during that period. The opening is dramatic and hushed. When the tempo speeds to Presto, it is in a lively, rollicking 6/8 meter. Tchaikovsky Symphony No. 3 D major: Polish, movements For this movement, the woodwind starts off, playing the melody. It Is In common time, 4/4.The piece starts with a slow funeral march opening In the parallel minor. It then acceleration and crescendos up to a key change back Into the parallel major, where, in a typical sonata-allegro form, after the exposition in the major key it then returning to the tonic at the end instead of the dominant, with a developmental section in between before the recapitulation. The movement closes with a coda, Inch occurs twice (essentially back to back) and acceleration to an extremely fast tempo towards the very end.

20 Exemplification Essay Topics on Myths and Religion

20 Exemplification Essay Topics on Myths and Religion Myths are a part of the human cultural fabric due to their place through the years in helping man understand his environment as well as his place in it. Therefore, we have myths in science, in philosophy, psychology and religion - which is the topic special emphasis will be placed on today. Myths have been an important part of how human cultures have viewed religion, the creation story and the moral fabric of human society. Therefore before going further to providing exemplification essay topics of its role in religion, having a clear understanding of what both terms mean and how they interrelate is important to the development of this article. The term ‘myths’ has been described or defined in numerous ways but for the purpose of its relation to religion, the definition of myths been ideologies or credos which can be illustrated by stories but do not have their roots in the defining stories, will serve as the perfect description of mythology. Religion on the other hand consists of a set of beliefs, actions and rituals employed in the worship of a divine being. And in most cases, the set of beliefs and rituals are a proponent of one myth or the other. Finally, for those writing myths and religion, here are exemplification essay topics you can choose from that we believe will simplify the task of writing on this subject matter. Also note that an exemplification essay will be included at the end to provide you with important directions to take when drafting yours: Myth, Ritual and Religion The Role Myths Play in the Origin of the World Myths and Understanding the Concepts of Afterlife The Creation Story and Its Mythical Influences The Parallels Between Ancient Rituals and Modern Religion Pagan Myths and the Origins of Hell Belief in a Trinity and its Mythical Components The Impact of Ancient Mythology on Modern Religion Mythical Rituals and Symbols in Ancient Greek Beliefs The Function of Mythology and Religion in Ancient Societies Spiritual Stories, Myths and Legends in Religion The Importance of Myths in Ancient and Modern World Bible Myths and their Parallels in Other Religions Trees in Mythology, Legend, Symbolism and Religion Flood Myths in the Religions of the Ancient World The Importance of Understanding Mythology and its Religious Undertones Understanding the Difference Between Myth and Religion Sacred Myths: The Stories of the World’s Religions The Ancient Beginnings of the Virgin Birth Myth The Resurrection Myth and its Effect on Religion These are 20 exemplification essay topics you can choose from when given the academic task of writing on myths and religion. With little research, these interesting topics which deal with the origin and history of most of the world’s religion can be worked on by you. To further simplify your task, here is a sample essay on one of the topics listed above. Sample Exemplification Essay: The Impact of Ancient Mythology on Modern Religions The first human society developed in ancient times, the Sumerians, has been credited with starting civilization by creating urban societies at that time for human habitation. To ensure a peaceful lifestyle, the Sumer people created a set of rules and beliefs which turned into the local religion of the times to govern the moral fabric of the society. And as with most ancient religions, the set of beliefs which the Sumerians turned to were from old tales that were handed down from generation to generation through oral communication. These old tales are collectively known as Myths and this essay will be discussing the integration of myths into today’s popular religious beliefs. The three major religions of the modern world- Judaism, Christianity and Islam- all have similar beliefs concerning the creation story due to the fact that they all branched out from the Abrahamic faith. Proponents of these religion believe that the earth and its surrounding environment were called out of nothing by a supreme being but this belief system which was also orally passed down has been explored by even older religions and their myths. An example of similar creation myths that predated the above religions include the Sumerian belief of the world being created by Nippur, Enki and Enlil from nothingness. Also, in ancient Egypt, the Egyptians believed in the creation of the world from nothingness by the Ogdoads- a set of ancient Egyptian gods. These myths which were passed around for millenniums were finally put to words by both cultures in their respective times thereby leading to future discovery in modern times. A study of the creation belief of the Abrahamic religion shows some element quite similar to the mythological tales of the Sumerian and Egyptian religions. In the case of the Abrahamic belief system, a divine being had created the world out of nothing- either by himself or in company with other deities- from darkness and nothingness to light and form. Another instance is the belief in the trinity particular to some Christian sects. Here, it is believed that the divine creator consists of three co-equal gods in one central Supreme Being. This belief also stems from ancient mythology that predates Christianity by thousands of years such as in Babylon, where its priests taught about the trinity of gods- Baal, Ashtoreth and Tammuz- as coequal gods in one divine being. Also in ancient Rome, this belief was also well known and has been attributed as the inspiration behind the Christian trinity. In many instances, it can be shown that ancient story telling techniques which included embellishments by the story teller were used as a means of transferring religion from one era to the other. In some cases, these stories became over-embellished as they were retold thereby becoming so fantastical they were categorized as myths and in time, these myths found their way into religion as we know it today. Here we come to the end of this sample exemplification essay topic on myth and religion and we do hope it provided you with some insight on how to kick start your project. Don’t forget to also visit our 10 facts on Sumerian culture. Lastly, anyone looking for a set of guidelines on essay writing should also endeavour to read the last piece in this series on writing an exemplification essay. References: Turville-Petre, E. (1964). Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia, 55. Wikipedia.com. (2014). Triple Deity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_deity Charles, T. (2013). The Myth of the Holy Trinity. http://submission.org/Myth_of_Trinity.html William, H. (2005).  Classical Mythology: A Guide to the Mythical World of the Greeks and Romans, 306. http://books.google.com/books?id=_s8nSgrD0jkCpg=PA306dq=%22structures+reflecting+the+number+three%22lr=as_drrb_is=qas_minm_is=1as_miny_is=2009as_maxm_is=12as_maxy_is=2009as_brr=0as_pt=ALLTYPES West, L. (2007)  Indo-European Poetry and Myth. Oxford University Press, 140-1, 379-385. Hawting, R. (1999)  The Idea of Idolatry and the Emergence of Islam: From Polemic to History, 130-132. Leiren, I. (1999).  From Pagan to Christian: The Story in the 12th-Century Tapestry of the Skog Church. http://faculty.washington.edu/leiren/vikings2.html

An Analysis of Charles Darwin's Works Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

An Analysis of Charles Darwin's Works - Essay Example But he was not moved by the studies and found them disinteresting. With the intention of making a career in the Church of England, Darwin went to learn theology at Christ’s College, Cambridge. But he did not have much interest in the subject of theology either. As in Edinburg, also in Christ’s College he did not pay much attention in his studies however he managed to pass the examinations and left Cambridge in 1831 and later became a naturalist with profound interests in geology and life sciences (A Brief History of Charles Darwin). Darwins’ works Barlow observes that â€Å"Charles Darwin’s own reflections on his life and work, written between the ages 67 and 73, must remain an important work of reference, whether in history of ideas or in a portrait gallery of men. He still stands as the leading figure of that revolution in scientific thought which followed the publication of the Origin of Species in the middle of the 19th century, a revolution soon invo lving all realms of knowledge’’ (Barlow 11). After the completion of his studies Darwin devoted his time in exploring the local natural history and different aspects of geology. A turning point in his life can be attributed to an opportunity which he got from John Henslowe who was a professor of Botany in Cambridge. John Henslowe recommended Darwin’s name for a position on a British Navy survey vessel- HMS Beagle. The vessel was dedicated to make a ‘coastal survey expedition’ to South America for two years. The captain of the vessel wanted eagerly to have a naturalist companion on board. Instead of two years the voyage lasted for five long years providing Darwin an immense opportunity to explore South America rigorously with numerous islands in the Pacific Ocean, including the Galapagos. Returning from England in 1839, Darwin furnished deep focus on experiments on the specimens and the artifacts which he had collected from the voyage of which develo pment on the ‘species transmutation’ analysis bears much significance. In due course of time, he became quite well known and established his reputation as a renowned naturalist in London. While he was in the voyage in the Beagles’ Darwin minutely noticed various aspects of the morphology and biogeography of several flora and fauna and inferred that the species are similar in various respects. By 1838, his theory of natural selection and survival of the fittest more or less made its foundation. A British naturalist Alfred Russell Wallace was rigorously working in South Asia on the generation of ideas of the evolution of species like Charles Darwin. With the help of his friends Darwin prepared a brief paper and read it before the Royal Society along with the paper of Wallace and in 1859 published his work, On the Origin of species, which was an ignition phase of his accelerating future works. In the remaining part of his life Darwin deeply engrossed himself in the research work and publishing books on evolution of life. Among his other innumerable works few which bears special significance are his works on climbing plants, insect-orchid mutualisms, and earthworms. An epitome of unparalleled intellect, Darwin took his last breath in his Downe House on April 19, 1882 (Guffey). Darwin’s Survival of the Fittest Charles Darwin’s theory of survival of the fittest is one of the greatest contributions to the world of science. Variations in the behavior of the organisms gave rise

The Warsaw Pact and International Relations Research Paper

The Warsaw Pact and International Relations - Research Paper Example With time the concept of International relations became too wide and had to be studied on a broad point of view. In fact, in the latter centuries, the field had to include the presence of diplomats to intervene in cases that were of importance between the countries or related parties. In the case of this essay, International relations will be highlighted in the context of examining the Warsaw Pact, in an endeavor to look at the reasons behind the formation of the same and the implications on global issues. The Warsaw Pact can only be understood on an international relations point of view, by assessing the states and organizations that were implicated by this agreement and the results that emanated from signing the agreement by the involved parties. The essay shall also aim at assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the agreement on an International relations point of view and if its existence was of importance or was just a formality among the involved stakeholders. The Warsaw Pact dates back to May 1955, with its founding members having the idea, that it would be beneficial if they founded a counteractive move on the North Atlantic Alliance. The major proponents of the organization include the USSR, Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Albania. These members had the idea that, for stability to be achieved in Europe, it would be of great importance to come up with an organization that would match the activities and powers of North Atlantic Alliance that was to be the Warsaw Pact Organization. ... he idea that, for stability to be achieved in Europe, it would be of great importance to come up with an organization that would match the activities and powers of North Atlantic Alliance that was to be the Warsaw Pact Organization. However, on another angle, analysts argue that the formation of the Warsaw Pact Organization was of no match to NATO. The major drawbacks that Warsaw Pact faced have a great relationship with breaching the stipulations of the organization’s rules. In relation to this work, nevertheless it is vital to make plain of the fact that, in times of disparities in Europe, the Warsaw Pact played a major role in breaking the barriers that saw NATO almost enjoy total dominance in Europe. In fact, other analysts regard to the Warsaw pact as a form of a stabilizer that came in at the right time in the global arena. On another angle, it was in February, 1991 that the members of the Warsaw Pact decided to come together to come up with a permanent solution in regar d to the issue on Cold War. However, as Windsor (pp.105) indicates, USSR had worked towards anticipation of a withdrawing from the Warsaw Pact. With this held at Budapest, it is evident that there were numerous attempts by the concerned stakeholders to come up with a final decision regarding the dominion of USSR in Europe. This relates to the concept of International relations that related to the aspect of the need to come up with a long lasting solution that would allow the states have peaceful coexistence in the continent. Without the incorporation of meetings by the concerned parties, it is almost impossible for persons to coexist in the society. This explains the reasons behind then setting up of the Warsaw Pact. On another angle, the Warsaw Pact can be indicated to be one of the measures

Assignment Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment - Dissertation Example Evaluate its overall physical infrastructure, accompanied by its marketing and compatibility factor consideration with other technologies. The dissertation would further allow for clear understanding of the technology incorporated in VOIP, which will be done so through critical analysis and comparison with other technologies present. Abstract: Using the broadband to better services in form of telephone options define the core purpose of VOIP. Outlines: Understanding the working of VOIP, the technologies incorporated its strengths and weakness, potential advantages and possible areas of improvement would be investigated in the overall dissertation. The project will broadly consist of the introduction and abstract part, followed by the literature review part which would investigate the methodical and periodical work that has been conducted over period of time in the field of VOIP and other communication technologies. Work of different experts and technologists who have researched in th is field would be brought to light. This would be followed by the research methodology phase of the dissertation which would include the explanation and discussion of the ground level activities and facts related to VOIP. Finally the last part of the dissertation would constitute the findings and analysis portion which would allow for better implementation of the technology in the physical domain. Using the software is also part of the overall project for purpose of pilot test and evaluation. Software tool application would enable for practical demonstration of the VOIP features, its services and its compatibility with other underlying technologies and hardware applications. Software compatibility and designing a software manual according to the desired technological requirements is another core function contained in the overall project. Literature review: The concept of VOIP gained prominence in the early days of 21st century when the technology took a shift towards further enhance d means of communication in form of the video enabled services and remote connectivity. With focus on virtualization and making use of digital means to avoid the physical journeys VOIP was adopted. VOIP was the main demand of the business enterprises who sought online activities in order to avoid the physical travelling and other physical activities associated with dealing with the partners. The earlier traces of VOIP can be traced to the mid 1990s (Kelly 2011, 74) when a sound card set of headphones and internet connection would allow for connection establishment. With time, the overall domain got expanded and the business enterprises gained interest in this field and also the common users and thereby it started expanding and a new set of standard in form of VOIP. Evaluation Criteria: VOIP is a complete set of technology that incorporates various software packages and elements, along with hardware components. It has a complete infrastructure in its own which facilitates the service s that are being provided over the infrastructure of VOIP. Configuration: VOIP entails the use of adapters, routers, soft phones; dedicated VOIP phones are few of the elements that constitute the physical layer configuration requirements of VOIP. Criteria for determining the success: The success would be gauged in terms of its implementation, its overall affectivity and impact on the overall

Paranormal Activities Genre Analysis Film Studies Essay

Paranormal Activities Genre Analysis Film Studies Essay This essay will analyse the text of the movie Paranormal activity 2 by using the theory of genre and compare it with a the older version of the same movie Paranormal Activities, and also The Abandoned 2006, to reach a decision about which genre is most suitable for this text and why. Genres are used to categorize films according to their elements and have set convections. There are many different types of genres like sci-fi, romantic, western, horror, comedy, etc. In this research I will be analyzing the film Paranormal activity 2 using the theory of genre analysis by its major elements and icons like sounds, camera view, colours, background, objects and location. For example if we see flying UFOs in a movie that probably means it is a Science fiction movie of the sci-fi genre. Some films have elements of more than one genre, this is called hybrid genre. I have divided my research essay into several parts, starting with explaining the theory and approach of genre. Genres are also sub categorized according to their special qualities, for example in horror genre, sub-categories are The Gothic, Supernatural , Occult, Ghost Films, Psychological Horror, Monster Movies, Slashers, Body horror, Splatter, Gore Films, Exploitation Cinema, Video Nasties and many more (Cherr y, 2009, p. 5). Genre theory is used in the study and making of films in order to categorize the films. Genre is the type of a film or it is based on a theme; for example horror , thriller , western , romance and many more. Films are ascribed to particular genre in other ways also, such as narrative, actors and director. By using genre theory we can describe the type of film (Film Studies essay on Genre, 2006). When audiences think about the western genre they know that within this film category they may expect to see gun fights, horses and cowboys. Another example would be horror films where the audience knows everyone will die except one. The audiences who go to those films expect to see zombies, werewolves and more. They also expect certain content and a certain style of film making; therefore genre is a way of colouring the film on the basis of different elements and themes (Wetjen, Deshotels, 2005). In this part of the essay I will analyze the movie Paranormal activity 2 on the basis of theory of genre. In the movie Paranormal Activity 2 the name speaks the genre itself; paranormal activities were never proved as they are supernatural and cannot be proved. Paranormal means not in accordance with scientific laws, unnatural or something which is not normal (Coraor, 2008). The movie Paranormal activity 2 was directed by Tod Williams and written by Oren Peli who has been a writer and director in lots of films. He has always been more interested in writing horror and documentary. Paranormal activity 2 is a remake of the movie Paranormal activity in 2007 which was written and directed by Oren Peli. The same storyline has been used to remake this movie (Doc Films, 2007). The actors have the same name as the characters in the movie, Katie and Micah, These actors were not celebrities, and they are plotted in the movie to give a generalised and realistic feel. There is, no supervening celebrity identity, no star persona, to yank us out of the fiction, to remind us simply by gravitational necessity that there must be a reality outside the fiction (Rehak, 2010). In the story of the movie we see there is a couple. Micah and Katie who just moved into stay together in San Diego. Starting from the first day Katie notices some spooky things happening in their house when they sleep. Micah takes it as if Katie is just joking, but when he himself notices weird things happening in their house, he buys a handy camera to know what happens when they go to sleep. The very first night he doesn t get anything in the recording but on the second day he perceives that the door opened itself at 03:00 A.M when they were asleep. He sets the camera on recording every night and observes new things happening every night, but on a random night he noticed Katie got up, stood by the door for 3 hours then went back to bed. The things kept happening in their house and finally Katie decided to call a demonologist, who wasn t able to help them. In the end of the film there is a scene in which Katie wakes up and goes down to the lounge, and just after a few seconds she scr eams, Micah runs down and notices that Katie was overruled by the evil and in the last scene she hits Micah on the camera, the hit was so quick that it actually fills the viewer with more fear. Micah dies and Katie went missing (Bundy, 2009), (Follett, 2009). There are some major horror elements noticed in the movie which proves the horror genre approach. Firstly I will discuss the sounds in the movie. In the movie audio is the major element. There are lots of different sounds which relate it to the horror genre. These sounds are used for creating real time feelings. The sounds used in movies for special effects or dubbing are called Foleys. Foleys used in this movie are hitting sounds, heavy footsteps, screaming, musical cues and some classical horror music. The footsteps and other unexpected sounds are mostly used to show someone s presence, but when we find out there is no one around, it builds up fear. Same is the case of hitting sound or crash, they are mostly used to break the viewer s attention and create fear. The reason is when someone watches a suspense or a horror sequence they get so much involved into it that their eyes doesn t allow any type of interference, the role of hitting sound is to break the concentration which keeps on increasing fear in viewers. The hitting sound is mostly used to show that something happened which is not in front of our eyes. The Music in the horror films are sounds that most of the audience recognize. A long eerie musical made using strings or horns as the victim approaches a closed door (for example), followed by a violent orchestral hit as the victim opens the door to encounter whatever is hidden behind it. This is a type of musical cue that is quite common in horror films. Whenever the audience hears this build-up, it knows that something is going to happen (H binette, 1999). The other major element of the horror genre noticed was a screaming sound, which generates a feel that something harmful happened. The Screaming challenges the horror movie genre s damsel in distress by inverting the power dynamics and charging the scream with a potency that overcomes any would-be menace (McDonald, 2010) Most of the paranormal activities in the movie took place in the night. Darkness is an important element of the horror genre and is often used in horror films. Darkness is used in horror films to sustain the fear and creates the feeling of being isolated. In the darkness, things are hardly visible, so if one cannot see anything, it will create tension and fear in their mind Mortals fear Night chiefly because she brings darkness, and with it inability to see that is frustrating and terrifying (Simone). A basic handy camera has been used to give it a more personalised feel. Most of the shots in the movie were point of view shots (POV). POV shots are used to make the viewer feel as if they are looking from their own eyes; make them feel a part of the film and also to show as if the viewer is looking through the eyes of a specific character. A sequence that is shot as if the viewer were looking through the eyes of a specific character. The shot is a common trick of the horror film: that is, we are placed in the position of the killer who is slowly sneaking up on a victim. Note that horror directors sometimes cheat with this device; that is, after a building of suspense, it can also turn out that we were not in the position of the killer after all (Dino, 2002). Most of the film has been shot in a bedroom to give it a more personal feel. As in an article Peli said. But if you set up the setting for all the horrific things in someone s bedroom then that s what you re going to be thinking about when you re lying in bed trying to fall asleep (Anjos, 2009). This makes a person feel that it might happen when they sleep. The door in the movie is used as the medium of tension, as we can see that the door has been placed as a border between the evil and the characters. All the activities in the movie take place in relation with the door even if it is around of within. Over the two weeks of recordings, the demonic presence becomes stronger every night, ranging from the doors moving and footsteps to even more scream-inducing moments (Ryder, 2009). The movie comes under the sub genre Supernatural, occult and ghost film as we can notice presence of evil in the movie which means it is related to supernatural elements like evils, etc. Films that involves interventions of spirits, ghosts, witchcrafts, devils and other entities into the real world, often featuring uncanny elements (Cherry, 2009, p. 5). The conclusion is that genres are categories of films based on different elements and theme. The genre approach is used to analyse a movie using the genre theory. Using genre approach this research proves that locations, darkness, hitting sound, screaming, dark colours are elements of horror genre. All these elements together create tension, suspense and fear. The activities happen in the house were supernatural as they have a relation with evil spirits and so it come under the sub-genre Supernatural, occult and ghost film . Thus the research proves that the movie Paranormal Activity 2 is a Horror film with supernatural activities. In this research I have learned that all these elements together give a greater impact and complete the convention of horror genre.

Filmmaking Process

The filmmaking process is an extremely important, long, and complicated process. It usually takes between several months and several years. A film always starts with an original story idea, then a screenplay gets written, and then they shoot it. After that they edit the film and direct it. Then they distribute the film to its intended audience. There are also many people involved in the filmmaking process, from the directors to the cast, to the stage crew. The first step is coming up with the concept of the film, which is the idea. It could be an original story, or a remake. It could be part of a series. It could also come from a book or a play. Then they have to make an outline which describes the dramatic structure in each scene, called a step outline. This tells who will be where, what’s going to be said, and pretty much everything that happens in the film. They also set up all the scenes in the correct order. Then they make a twenty five to thirty five page paper describing the characters of the story and the mood. This is called a treatment. It contains stage direction and a little dialogue. It also has pictures so they have something to look at showing what the movies are going to do. This is the first step of the filmmaking process and really helps when it comes time to develop the screenplay. After this they start the screenplay. Writing the screenplay can take several months. They usually have to rewrite to improve things the dialogue, dramatization, characthers, structure, style, and to make it more clear. They develop screenplays in which the investers and other interested parties assess a process called script coverage. They have a film distributor look at it, and depending on how promising it looks, they guess how much financial help the film needs and how much it will get. Then they figure out the genre of the film, the target audience, success of films that were similar, and the success of the actors, actresses, and directors in previous films. These factors show how much the film will appeal to the target audience. Then they come together and form a film pitch. If the film pitch goes through and is successful, then they have financial backing to make the film. Then they make up contracts for everyone involved. At this time, only the second step, they’ve already developed their marketing strategy, which is how they advertise the film. They also have their target audience. Next is pre-production. During this stage every part of the filmmaking process is designed and planned out. The production is also storyboarded, in which the visual helps the concept artist and the illustrators. Then they have to make up a production budget. This is how much they plan on spending, and it includes insurance in case there is an accident. Then they start hiring their crew. The amount of people varies. If it is an important movie, like a Harry Potter movie, it would have over one hundred people. If it was a smaller film it could include just eight or nine people. The first member of the crew is the director. The director is responsible for all the creative decisions and story telling, as well as the acting. The director yells out action and cut. After the director there is an assistant director, who manages the logistics of the film, including the shooting schedule. There is also a casting director who auditions actors for the characters, deciding who embodies which character best. The photography director supervises the photography during the film. The audiography director makes sure all the sound in the film is correct. The location manager takes care of where the film is located. Although most parts are shot in a studio, there are some things that need to be shot off location. There is also a composer who decides when music should play, how loudly, and what to play. The production designer takes care of the visual conception of the film while the art director manages the building of the set and props. The costume designer creates the clothing for the actors and actresses, and usually ends up having to work closely with them. There is also a hair and makeup designer, who styles each of the actors, making sure they look the same each time. There is also a choreagorapher. As is usual for a choreagorapher they create dances and fight scenes, as well as regular movements. After all of these people are hired they are ready for production. The next part is production. Production is the most grueling part of filmmaking. The cast and crew can frequently spend 12 or more hours on the set, filming only three or four pages of script, often in very uncomfortable ocations. This goes on for days, weeks, months with the same schedule day after day, review dailies (the footage shot yesterday), shoot today’s footage, prepare for tomorrow’s filming. For many people though, this is the most exhilarating part of production and this is indeed where â€Å"the magic happens. † Yet to some people it sometimes seems strange that a movie that will eventually only occupy two hours onscreen could take months to film. However, it does, and here’s just a few of the reason why. The first reason is lighting. One of the single most important elements to a film’s visual appearance is lighting. However perfect lighting does not exist and takes time to create. Lighting must be made consistent (or inconsistent depending) and mood-enhancing, yet remain unobtrusive. It takes a great deal of planning and then man-hours by electricians and their assistants to create a light set-up for even a small set. The next reason is location. Sometimes it is possible to film an entire movie on a sound stage, however, more than likely it requires some traveling. Since science has yet to create a teleportation device and all the magicians who know how to do it won’t reveal their secrets unless televised on broadcast television, it can take huge amounts of time to transport the cast and crew to even one location per day. There are probably close to 100 people involved in a major film, excluding crowd scene extras and so on, as well as literally tons of equipment to go along with them. Another reason is weather. Mother Nature doesn’t really care about Hollywood and can quite frequently hamper production. Usually it is no more than a rain storm that stops production for a day or two, or a heat wave that causes shorter work days. But sometimes weather can be extremely costly. Such was the case of Kevin Costner’s Waterworld that saw entire sets destroyed and sunk by sea storms that not only seriously delayed the production, but also pushed the budget sky-high. Previously I mentioned that lighting is one of the most important elements in a movie. In addition to lighting, and of course the actors, cinemotography is the key element in a film’s visual appearance. Though it takes years of either schooling or job experience to truly learn how to film well, there are a few basic pointers that anyone with a camera and eye towards making something better than a jerky home movie should know (because seriously, those â€Å"How to Film† videos they hand out now when you buy a camcorder are really just a twenty minutes session in which they try to sell you all the accessories). After production there is post-production, which is basically editing. Post-Production involves every step after primary filming, editing and corrections, and reshoots. The process of reshooting is simple enough in concept (though perhaps not in actual process) that we can skip that one which leaves editing and corrections. Editing serves two purposes. First, the logistics of production often make it impossible to film in sequence. And even in the extremely rare case where a story is filmed in order, there are still numerous takes and unnecessary footage between the good shots. Thus, editing serves to eliminate this unwanted footage and to place the events in a coherent order. Second, even simple actions take up a great deal of time on film. For example imagine a sequence of a person getting dressed. In real life this process takes about five minutes. Five minutes in the course of the human life is insignificant, but five minutes in the course of a two hour movie is a horrendous amount of time to spend on meaningless action. If that same person pulled clothes out of a closet and in the next shot walked into the kitchen, the obvious conclusion the audience will make is said person got dressed. Thus editing can serve to eliminate tedious and unnecessary footage so that the audience may focus on the story. Editing can also serve to create. The human eye, when viewing a scene does not remain stationary. Watch two people talking, your eye will jump from person to person to watch speech or gauge reaction. You’ll find it extremely difficult to watch both at the same time and you could end up cross-eyed. Editing also serves to mimic this action of selective viewing. When a conversation between two people is put on film, it is filmed (usually) by switching back and forth between the characters to again, watch speech or gauge reaction. The natural switching back and forth is unobtrusive because in reality, you do it all the time. Thus editing serves to place shots into a coherent storyline, eliminate unnecessary footage, and create better flow. Other examples of techniques in which the editing serves more interesting purposes are parallel editing and montage. Parallel editing is a technique in which two separate scenes are shown to take place at the same time. To do this, the editor cuts the two scenes together switching from one to the other. This is often used in scenes where the character is racing against time, such as the bomb’s clock counting down as the character tries to get out of the building. A montage sequence is another technique in which extremely short shots are edited together in quick succession to create general emotion. Editing is not the entirety of post-production however. Once the picture is edited into its final narrative form, there are hundreds of tiny elements that need to be tweaked. Occasionally, different light schemes will produce different colors between shots, the differences are always slight, however, they need to be corrected to create continuity between shots. This process is called color-correction. Titles and credits, a key part to any movie, are also designed and added. Also at this stage any computer generated effects are added to footage, though in truth this will happen before the scene is edited. While these visual components are polished, the audio portions of the film are tweaked elsewhere. Very rarely are the audio components you hear in the theater the sounds recorded during footage. Audio is recorded onto a separate track, which is kept in time with the footage via a sync machine (this is so your movie doesn’t end up looking like a cheap dubbing job). The microphones used to record the actors voices are extremely precise in their range, they pick up sound only from the air immediately in front of the actor. This keeps the voice quality as high possible. Later on, background is added in when it can be adjusted to suitable levels. So if two characters are walking amidst a midnight orchard replete with singing nightbirds, the dialogue is really the only noise recorded at the time. The other noises, the crickets, nightbirds and the wind, are either recorded at the same location or elsewhere and then added in so that the night wildlife only adds to the mood of the scene, rather than drowning out the speech of the characters. The final steps are distribution and release. They either sell the movie to a company who will release it in cinemas, or to one who will make it go out on DVD. They create movie trailers, posters, and other things to advertise the upcomoing film. The night the film is realeased it is celebrated with a launch party, and then if it is in cinemas, it will get released on DVD a few months later. In the end the distribution and production companies split the profit. As you can see, filmmaking is a very complicated process.

NCAA Sanctions and Paying Players: Should This Be Allowed

A customer walks into the local Pizza Hut, and sits down. A waiter approaches and asks what kind of pizza they want. The customer gives his order to him, and lays 200 dollars under the menu. The waiter notices, and takes the money. The customer’s pizza is 10 dollars, and he pays for it by a debit card. When he leaves, he puts 300 dollars under his own plate. The waiter grabs the money, places the money in his pocket, and goes back to working. Now, if two new characters illustrated the names of the waiter and the customer for the football player, and an athletic booster, then everyone would be saying how rude it is, and how corrupt our society is. That is an exact reason why we shouldn’t pay players, and how the sanctions that the NCAA has put down to prevent the main sanction (paying players) from happening. Paying players to play an athletic sport in the NCAA should not be allowed, and that’s because colleges aren't allowed/shouldn't pay players and they don't need to earn money. There are many arguments against paying players The first argument, â€Å"Colleges aren't allowed/shouldn't pay players† has many opinionated answers, are biased, or have no clue of what's going on. In some past research, there have been some points that have been made that they should be paid. Others, for instance, show that they shouldn't be paid. There’s been that they’re getting free academics, free board, free meal, etc. and there’s also seen that full-ride scholars can't have a full-time job, so they could use some money. Both, I agree with, but in general, they shouldn't be paid, but there should be some rule changes. What I'm saying is, is that you notice smaller schools getting hit with the sanctions. For instance, Southern Methodist University, in the 80's, paid 21 football players over $61,000 to play for them over 3 years. If you notice, there is a rule that you can't pay players to play NCAA Football. To pay college athletes to play football for you is illegal. They tried to get above the level playing field that the NCAA had set. Their punishment was extremely serious, and called â€Å"The Death Penalty†. â€Å"They lost 55 scholarships, had their 1987 season cancelled, pulled from live television, and banned from postseason play until 1989. And obviously, since they are still in the Conference USA, they haven't recovered since. â€Å"(Yahoo â€Å"Penalty 4†) The rules are made for a reason, and should always be followed. In another example, The University of Southern California, or known as USC, received a letter of investigation concerning Reggie Bush and his time at USC. He had knowingly received benefits from an outside source. NBC reporter Greg Beachem stated, â€Å"A two-year bowl ban, four years’ probation, loss of scholarships and forfeits of an entire year’s games for improper benefits to Heisman Trophy winner Reggie Bush dating to the Trojans’ 2004 national championship. † As you can tell, he received benefits from some sort of person who won’t be questioned for who he is, because he doesn’t have a name like Reggie Bush does. There were also had noticed that the rule changes that were mentioned earlier were a major part in fixing the rules for players to make money. For instance, Title IX states that all men and women must have an equal amount of scholarships. That may sound just fine, but the truth is, there is no â€Å"Women's Football†. So that's 85 scholarships that have to be evened out to women. If Title IX disregarded football, then that rule would be completely fine. Plus, there are 2 sports that generate revenue for an athletic program. That would be men's football, and men's basketball. So it's up to those teams to pay for the entire athletic department. This also shows how players shouldn't be paid. If only two different sports make money for an entire team, what are the reasons that they should be paying players, when that team may want to use the money for other additions to the campus? Plus, if you left the rich schools to pay for players to come, then a smaller school like Texas Christian University, or Boise State University, wouldn't ever earn any big time players. Teams like Texas University, Ohio State University, Michigan University, (other rich D1 schools), would buy out all the players, and leave everyone in the dust. The 2nd argument, that players don't need to be paid, is also a biased argument. Finding information on this rule is very tough, because all search engines bring up many blogs about people's opinions and those aren't credible. I've noticed that some people think that rule changes are needed, and some say that the whole rule should be abolished, and all athletes should be paid. With my personal knowledge of secrecy and how people can secretly hide items of interest, some students would possibly work at Pizza Hut, have a boosters guy order a $10 dollar pizza and leave a $500 dollar tip. We all know that that's not right to do, but some regulations need to be lifted. If you let college athlete’s work within the school, such as in the cafeteria, or the library, the NCAA could possibly monitor the earnings they make. It's possible that if they worked at a Pizza Hut, or a Taco Bell, they could make sure that the NCAA has some sort of access to see the paycheck they earn and make sure it makes it to the bank account. Depending on how big the college is, depends on how the school will be corrupted more. For example, at Capital University, the cost for a year is $33,210 for a full-time undergraduate year, including room, board, etc. Now, if that is compared to the University of Southern California, their tuition is $56,813 per year, including room, board, etc. (USC 2011 estimations) The difference here is, Capital is a Division III school, and has an extremely lower school population than a school like USC. USC has a population of â€Å"15,600 undergraduates as well as a staggering 15,224 graduate students† (USC College Admission). At Capital, you get a smaller amount of TV Time, if not any, while USC is making a large amount of money and getting TV Time every week. If you have to pay players that play for a college that can’t afford to do it, like Capital University, many small colleges will be taken out of athletics, and will be losing scholarships. To add on, it's not like these athletes have to spend their built-up savings account to go play football. They get to use all the money they saved up to go earn an education in college, to buy what they want. They may not get any more money to spend, but the rough $30,000 that would be in their bank account should be enough if they’re not paying a penny for the classes they have, the meals, their dorm, and their textbooks. Plus, if they’re at a big-time school, like Ohio State, or Texas University, then they especially wouldn’t have to pay the $35,000 that a semester of college costs. But my point isn’t completely set in stone because colleges shouldn’t pay players, but some rule changes need to be made, as I will talk about later. NCAA rules state that if you’re an athlete, you can’t work. When you read that rule, you think of the â€Å"big-name athletes† like Cam Newton or Terrelle Pryor, that have full- rides to play football. But, there’s always the people who have half-year scholarships, or are considered walk-ons, that also can’t work. To add on, I believe that if you aren’t being paid in that season/year, you should be allowed to work. The full-ride scholars are being paid to play football, and getting a free education, while half-scholarship athletes and walk-on athletes are not allowed to work, and are being forced to pay their education. When you go on to any college website, you will find a link to go to something about financial aid, so it’s not like nobody is out to help. To talk about rules are a different story, and it needs to be addressed. To define what the NCAA calls a Professional Team, â€Å"is if it declares itself to be professional or provides any player more than actual and necessary expenses for participation on the team. † (NCAA Guide 10) The NCAA-made pamphlet answers all questions to the rules that I’ve mentioned. It states rules for students who are in Division I or Division II schools, such as Division 1 student-athletes aren’t allowed to accept a salary, while Division II student-athletes are permitted to do so. Division II teams can enter a contract with a professional team, while Division I teams can’t. Do these rules sound fair? I have to say yes, because Division II teams don’t get any TV Time. If a team has some TV Time, it increases their stock value to play in the NFL. There are also some rules that apply to both Division I and Division II teams. For example, Division I and II teams can’t receive benefits from an agent, or enter an agreement with an agent. The reason that this rule is made is because agents would have the most contact with an athlete, and would be able to obtain money from a boosters guy and the athlete would illegally receive the money. If the rule was changed so that sanctions would be softer on the crime, or players being paid was made legal, the rich schools would become the ultimate powerhouses, and the other schools would become obsolete, like what was discussed earlier. These big schools, like Texas or USC would take over college football and leave teams like TCU or Boise State behind. When you decide to pay players on a two-sport revenue generator, you have to decide who you’re going to pay, how much you’ll pay them, when you’ll pay them, and decide about which players don’t get paid. An offensive lineman may not get paid, and he makes the running back or the quarterback look like he carries the team. Does he deserve to get paid over the quarterback? The final thought that goes with this paper is, if we paid student-athletes, should we pay every sport, and if we do, do we give an equal amount to each player? You find your own opinion on the matter.

The Freelance Writing Course is Re-Opening Today

The Freelance Writing Course is Re-Opening Today The Freelance Writing Course is Re-Opening Today The Freelance Writing Course is Re-Opening Today By Ali Hale Remember January? You probably made some new year’s resolutions. Maybe, like many writers, you wanted to finally make some money from your words. Back in January, we launched something new here on Daily Writing Tips: the Freelance Writing Course. A bunch of fantastic students spent six weeks in January and February learning all about freelance writing online and building their own freelancing businesses. The doors have been closed for four months, but we got such great feedback on the course that we’re opening them up again for 72 hours! Here is what one of the students said about the course: Thank you for the course! It was more than worth the price tag. I actually remember thinking: They could be charging so much more for this. Why? Because there are thousands of websites and books with advice about freelance writing, blogs, content mills or running a business but I havent found one with such comprehensive look at everything, with the action steps to take me from dabbling to professional! This really helped me see all of the avenues I have open and choose the ones that are going to give me the biggest pay off in money and experience right now. Thanks again! (Jessica Vaughan, United States) The course is a six-week program designed to teach you everything you need to know about making money freelance writing online. You’ll get written lessons every week (that you access on a special members’ site). They’ll cover: Week #1: Becoming more productive and effective – if you can write fast without sacrificing quality, you’ll massively increase your earnings. Week #2: Setting up your own freelancing website and building up your online writing credentials – essential if you want to be taken seriously. Week #3: Writing great content for the web – so you can provide editors with exactly what they want. Week #4: Finding great clients and high-paying jobs – so that you get paid well for your writing, instead of toiling away for peanuts. Week #5: Running your business effectively – because if you can’t communicate well with clients or if you miss deadlines, you’ll soon find yourself out of work. Week #6: Using social media to find jobs and promote yourself – the way you use social media can make or break your writing career. Three years ago my life changed forever when I left my day job to become a full-time freelance writer. Now, I get to do what I love all day long. This course teaches you exactly how I did it – so that you can do the same. And you won’t be alone. You’ll be taking the course as part of a whole group of writers (hundreds of them!). You’ll have a forum where you can get to know them – and where you can get advice and support directly from me, whenever you need it. So that everyone can go through the course together, though, we are keeping the doors open for 72 hours only, until midnight (GMT) this Friday, 6th May. If this is what you’ve been waiting for click here to read all the details and join us. We’d love you to be our next success story. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive At7 Patterns of Sentence Structure30 Nautical Expressions

No Sooner Than (Not When)

No Sooner Than (Not When) No Sooner Than (Not When) No Sooner Than (Not When) By Maeve Maddox Maeve, how about no sooner had she than, or no sooner had she when. Im always confused about that. Judging from frequent questions about this usage on various internet grammar sites, its a concern shared by many writers. Interestingly, when I tried to find online examples of no sooner†¦when, I found only one: She just knew that she was going to be very happy here, but no sooner had she thought this, when a dark shadow fell upon her. a childrens story No sooner†¦than is a two-part comparative adverb. According to the American Heritage ® Book of English Usage (1996): Because the sooner in no sooner is a comparative adverb like better in no better, the expression should be followed by than, not when: No sooner had she come than the maid knocked. I had no sooner left than she called. My search did turn up several odd incomplete uses of no sooner†¦missing its obligatory than: So no sooner had he touched her, and begun to dally, she caught his hands, and spoke roughly to him, bidding him go away, as she did not want him. Translation of a Buddhist story No sooner had she committed to hunkering down in Alaska to get back to work, the Last Frontiers rogue governor, Sarah Palin, is headed back to the campaign trail again†¦ The Huffington Post I also found one example in which than is incorrectly rendered then, but that could have been a typo: But, no sooner had she hit rock bottom then she bounced back up again. Obit of Jade Goody in Telegraph Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Based in" and "based out of"Using the Active Voice to Strengthen Your WritingHow often is "bimonthly"?

Covering Letter (Jobs) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Covering Letter (Jobs) - Essay Example As I am a graduate in International Accounting from the Shanghai Maritime University, I have knowledge of the key accounting processes along with their legal requirements and managerial applications. I have also completed one year Pre-Master Program on International Finance and Business from Renmin University of China. This program helped me to develop business communication skills and understand the global business standards better. I am quite comfortable in a multicultural environment and appreciate the essence of globalization from a practical point of view. I am fluent in both English and Mandarin, and the university life at Keele has helped me to develop ample team spirit and research skills. Last but not least, I have job experience at Dong Xing Stock Company, Beijing through the internship programs conducted by Shanghai Maritime University. Here, I acquired practical knowledge of stock market analysis and various accounting operations. I am looking forward to optimally utilize and implement my academic knowledge and professional experience so that I can embark on a winning career in financial management. I am available from Monday to Friday (full time) for an interview and I will be greatly obliged if I am given a full time opportunity at your organization. Hope for a positive response from

Convention of architecture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Convention of architecture - Term Paper Example Objects that are not visible at the plan level are represented using dotted lines on the diagram. The site plan on the other hand contains a structure or group of structures from above without any sections cut. It consists of the property boundaries, road and other ways of accessing the site and nearby relevant structures. A diagram entails the use of symbols or freehand drawing to generate a design logic.it can be modified into a more presentable form with the aim of representing the principles of a design and enhancing communication. Communication at an early stage of designing a complex structure such as a building is vital in ensuring the success of the design since the process involves the input of specialists from different disciplines.1 Diagrams give architects a rough idea of the end product which give insight on the adequate solutions to design problems. Since the finished work would be expensive and time consuming, the use of diagrams saves on costs due to repair and late c hanges in the design of the structure. A cross section is a vertical representation of a vertical plane cut through the object and is viewed from the front. Every detail that is cut by the section line is represented by a line that is bolder than the other representations. Sections provide a correlation between the different levels or floors of a building and other representations within the structure which would otherwise be difficult to comprehend from the plan views. A section can also be represented as a sectional elevation in which part of the building beyond the section plane is seen in the representation. In architectural design, a diagram is a graphic short hand representation of something different from itself. The diagram is understood both as a generative device and as an analytical or explanatory device. 2 The analytical role entails representation of the diagram diverse from the representation of a plan or sketch of a building. Even though a diagram is not considered a conventional structure, it seeks to uncover potentially existing structures of organization that are not evident at the moment. The generative role entails the use of a diagram as a form of representation in a design process and this differs from traditional ways of representing structures in that the diagram offers cognition of the object, real structure and the perceived interiority of the architect. The diagram is regarded as an intermediary in the generation process rather than an explanation or subsequent result. Classical architectural concept of a diagram depicts the diagram as something different from structure and it portrays a belief that structure is static, hierarchical and has an origin point. Breuer in his essay â€Å"where do we stand† 3describes the ‘New architecture’ of Modernism using an ironic phrase ‘maximum simplicity.’ This is in contrast to the diversity of issues and conflicts that influence architecture such as economic and a esthetic trends, conventions and inventions, relationships with customers among others. Modernism is the state of mind which describes the change in man’s attitude towards the abstract world and the cultural, aesthetics, economic, social as well as scientific artifacts. According to Eisenmann, superimposition refers to a vertical layering that differentiates between the figure and the ground while superposition is the coterminous horizontal layering that has no fixed point of origin or ground and where the figure and ground fluctuate between one another. Thus this